Key Takeaways on Resiliency and Equity from the Climate of Hope Forum

Regeneración Pajaro Valley and CSUMB’s virtual “Climate of Hope” event last week highlighted women’s perspectives on the climate crisis. Over the course of two hours, several speakers from different backgrounds interacted with audience members through polls and live chats. 

Conversations centered around the idea of building resiliency and equity into our society—through food production, transportation systems and social interactions. Here are a few of the main takeaways:

Climate change disproportionately harms women and girls in underserved and oppressed communities. Women and girls of color often face higher exposures to pollution, pesticides and heat stress. Unequal access to health care compounds the issue.

To address these systemic problems, leadership must be intersectional, and climate action should be accessible. The forum leaders emphasized the idea of an equitable future. Leslie Aguayo, an urban planner from the Greenlining Institute, explained that policies focused on equality assume the playing field is level. But equity calls for redistributing resources and eliminating uneven barriers to opportunity. “Equity is not an obstacle to progress and innovation—it’s the foundation,” she said.

Looking to the past will help guide our future. To begin moving toward equity, we must acknowledge and account for the past. Understanding the history of systemic inequalities is necessary for dismantling them. Kanyon “Coyote Woman” Sayers-Roods, a cultural representative and native monitor for Indian Canyon Mutsun, invited the audience to also think beyond the “post-colonial settler environment” and learn from native peoples: “When honoring truth in history, we can learn from indigenous pedagogies so we may learn how to strategize sustainable futures.”

Climate solutions should be community efforts that reach every aspect of life. The speakers emphasized the importance of equity and sustainability in our public spaces, food production, energy use and transportation design. The proposed solutions transcend individual or corporate action. Instead, the women envisioned a future where communities build resiliency to climate change into daily life. 

Find a full recording of the event on Regeneración Pajaro Valley’s Facebook page.

Rob Brezsny’s Astrology: March 10-16

Free will astrology for the week of March 10 

ARIES (March 21-April 19): Artist Richard Kehl tells this traditional Jewish story: God said to Abraham, “But for me, you would not be here.” Abraham answered, “I know that Lord, but were I not here there would be no one to think about you.” I’m bringing this tale to your attention, dear Aries, because I think the coming weeks will be a favorable time to summon a comparable cheekiness with authorities, including even the Divine Wow Herself. So I invite you to consider the possibility of being sassy, saucy and bold. Risk being an articulate maverick with a point of view that the honchos and experts should entertain.

TAURUS (April 20-May 20): Spiritual author Ernest Holmes wrote, “True imagination is not fanciful daydreaming, it is fire from heaven.” Unfortunately, however, many people do indeed regard imagination as mostly just a source of fanciful daydreaming. And it is also true that when our imaginations are lazy and out of control, when they conjure delusional fears and worries, they can be debilitating. I bring this to your attention, Taurus, because I believe the coming weeks will be a favorable time for you to harness the highest powers of your imagination—to channel the fire from heaven—as you visualize all the wonderful and interesting things you want to do with your life in the next nine months.

GEMINI (May 21-June 20): “I’m always waiting for a door to open in a wall without doors,” wrote Gemini author Fernando Pessoa. Huh? Pessoa was consistently eccentric in his many writings, and I find this particular statement especially odd. I’m going to alter it so it makes more sense and fits your current needs. Here’s your motto for the coming weeks: “I’m always ready to figure out how to make a new door in a wall without doors, and call on all necessary help to make it.”

CANCER (June 21-July 22): You can’t drive to the Kamchatka Peninsula. It’s a 104,000-square-mile area with a sub-Arctic climate in the far east of Russia. No roads connect it to the rest of the world. Its major city, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, is surrounded by volcanoes. If you want to travel there, you must arrive by plane or by ship. And yet, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky has long had a thriving tourist industry. More so before the pandemic, but even now, outsiders have come to paraglide, hunt for bears and marvel at the scenery. In this horoscope, I am making an outlandish metaphorical comparison of you to the Kamchatka Peninsula. Like that land, people sometimes find it a challenge to reach you. And yet when they do, you can be quite welcoming. Is this a problem? Maybe, maybe not. What do you think? Now is a good time to reevaluate.

LEO (July 23-Aug. 22): Biting midges, also known as no-see-ums, are blood-sucking flies that spread various diseases. Yuck, right? Wouldn’t the world be a better place if we used science to kill off all biting midges everywhere? Well, there would be a disappointing trade-off if we did. The creepy bugs are the primary pollinators for several crops grown in the topics, including cacao. So if we got rid of the no-see-ums, there’d probably be no more chocolate. I’m guessing that you may be dealing with a comparable dilemma, Leo: an influence that has both a downside and an upside. The central question is: Can you be all you want to be without it in your life? Or not? Now is a good time to ponder the best way to shape your future relationship.

VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22): According to my analysis of your imminent astrological potentials, you already are, or will soon be, floating and whirling and churning along on an ocean of emotion. In other words, you will be experiencing more feelings and stronger feelings than you have in quite some time. This doesn’t have to be a problem as long as you do the following: 1. Be proud and appreciative about being able to feel so much. 2. Since only a small percentage of your feelings need to be translated into practical actions, don’t take them too seriously. 3. Enjoy the ride!

LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22): Poet Wendell Berry says “it’s the immemorial feelings” he likes best: “hunger and thirst and their satisfaction; work-weariness and earned rest; the falling again from loneliness to love.” Notice that he doesn’t merely love the gratification that comes from quenching his hunger and thirst. The hunger and thirst are themselves essential components of his joy. Work-weariness and loneliness are not simply inconvenient discomforts that he’d rather live without. He celebrates them, as well. I think his way of thinking is especially worthy of your imitation in the next three weeks.

SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21): Famous and influential science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick relied on amphetamines to fuel his first 43 novels. Beginning with A Scanner Darkly, his 44th, he did without his favorite drug. It wasn’t his best book, but it was far from his worst. It sold well and was made into a movie featuring Keanu Reeves, Robert Downey Jr. and two other celebrity actors. Inspired by Dick’s success without relying on his dependency—and in accordance with current astrological omens—I’m inviting you to try doing without one of your addictions or compulsions or obsessions as you work on your labor of love.

SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21): Ninety percent of all apples in the world are descended from a forest of apple trees in southeast Kazakhstan. Most of us have tasted just a few types of apples, but there’s a much wider assortment of flavors in that natural wonderland. You know how wine is described as having taste notes and aromas? The apple flavor of Kazakhstan’s apples may be tinged with hints of roses, strawberries, anise, pineapples, coconuts, lemon peels, pears, potatoes or popcorn. Can you imagine traveling to that forest and exploring a far more complex and nuanced relationship with a commonplace food? During the coming weeks, I invite you to experiment with arousing metaphorically similar experiences. In what old familiar persons, places or things could you find a surprising wealth of previously unexplored depth and variety?

CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19): Author Andrew Tilin testified that he sometimes had the feeling that his life was in pieces—but then realized that most of the pieces were good and interesting. So his sense of being a mess of unassembled puzzle parts gave way to a deeper contentment—an understanding that the jumble was just fine the way it was. I recommend you cultivate and enjoy an experience like that in the coming weeks, Capricorn.

AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18): Indian poet Meena Alexander (1951–2018) was born under the sign of Aquarius. She became famous after she moved to the U.S. at age 29, but was raised in India and the Sudan. In her poem “Where Do You Come From?,” she wrote, “Mama beat me when I was a child for stealing honey from a honey pot.” I’m sorry to hear she was treated so badly for enjoying herself. She wasn’t committing a crime! The honey belonged to her family, and her family had plenty of money to buy more honey. This vignette is my way of advising you, in accordance with astrological omens, to carry out your personal version of “stealing the honey from the honeypot,” dear Aquarius. Take what’s rightfully yours. 

PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20): The bad news is that the narrow buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea is laced with landmines. Anyone who walks there is at risk for getting blown up. The good news is that because people avoid the place, it has become an unprecedented nature preserve—a wildlife refuge where endangered species like the red-crowned crane and Korean fox can thrive. In the coming weeks and months, I’d love to see you engage in a comparable project, Pisces: finding a benevolent use for a previously taboo or wasted part of your life.

Homework: If you have a question whose answer might be interesting to other readers, send it. Maybe I’ll address it in the column. tr**********@gm***.com.


Sarah’s Vineyard Makes a Heavenly Grenache Rosé 2019

There’s a touch of spring in the air! The clocks go forward on March 14—so why not celebrate longer days with a nice glass of 2019 Grenache Rosé ($26) by Sarah’s Vineyard. This beautiful pink wonder is made by Tim Slater from his estate grapes, and I guarantee you will love it.

For Rosé, red wine grapes are typically harvested early in order to supply bright acidity and a hint of color. “We hand-picked our fruit in the early morning,” says Slater, “and whole-cluster pressed—just enough to draw the desired salmon color off the skins.”

Matured in neutral French oak cooperage for three months, the end result is a heavenly mouthful of Rosé wine that easily compares to those made in Provence in southern France. The Grenache Rosé comes with an easy-to-open screw cap.

Slater and his partner Megan have been spending “a lot of time in the kitchen” recently and have posted some of their delicious-looking recipes online. Slater also posts “Tim’s Blog”—an interesting look at what’s happening with his vineyards, and the challenges faced by winery owners in times of wildfires and Covid-19 restrictions. Being a winemaker can be very tough work!

Sarah’s Vineyard, 4005 Hecker Pass Highway., Gilroy. 408-847-1947, sarahsvineyard.com.

James Durbin

The cover story in the Good Times issue of Feb. 2 was on Santa Cruz singer James Durbin—famous for coming close to winning the “American Idol” competition in 2011. I was glued to the TV every week rooting for our local rocker. Shortly after the competition, Durbin came in to the Good Times office in downtown Santa Cruz and patiently had his photo taken with every staff member.

On another occasion, I was drinking wine in a friend’s tasting room when Durbin walked by. I invited him in to try a few red wines, which he happily quaffed. Durbin is not only a terrific musician, he is also a wonderful person—polite, genteel and unaffected. He now lives in Nashville and has released a new solo album, “The Beast Awakens.” And he loves red wine!

Local Hawaiian Spot Hula’s Island Grill Perseveres

Hula’s Island Grill has been a hot spot in the heart of downtown Santa Cruz for over 15 years.

Current hours are 11:30am-10pm every day except Monday (when they open at 4:30pm) for takeout and outdoor dining, with a return to indoor dining when state restrictions allow. The theme, décor, and menu are all Hawaiian-inspired, but they serve pan-Asian fusion flavors, as well. Bar manager Mike Saylor, a lifer in the industry, has been at Hula’s for over two years and says their mission statement is that “everybody who leaves, leaves happy.” GT talked to him about food, cocktails and navigating the pandemic. 

What have been the most popular menu items lately?

MIKE SAYLOR: The rice bowls. We have multiple options, but I’d say the most popular right now is the Thai Chicken. It has jasmine rice that we cook in coconut milk, grilled chicken breast, black beans, avocado and plantains, and is finished with a spicy Thai sauce. Also, the Duke’s Luau Plate is a great traditional Hawaiian option. It has housemade pulled pork with a pineapple soy glaze, rice, and ginger coleslaw. Our signature pupu [appetizer] is our famous coconut shrimp rolls that come with a pineapple horseradish dipping sauce.

What are some standouts from the cocktail menu?

We’re famous for our Mai Tais—we sell more of them than any other cocktail and can go through up to 15 gallons on a busy night. My favorite cocktail is the Painkiller; it has a mixture of house-branded rums, pineapple juice, orange juice and coconut cream. It is finished with a sprinkle of allspice, which is my favorite. I really enjoy adding baking spice flavor profiles to cocktails.

How has the restaurant been faring amid the pandemic?

We got really lucky with our street seating; the city really pulled through and helped us out. Our owner Ian McRae went all-out and bent over backward to make our outdoor seating as welcoming and inviting as possible for the guests. It’s full most nights; sometimes we even have a wait. And when the time is right, we look forward to having people back at our bar top and getting back to a more personal interaction. We’ve also expanded the bar area inside. It’s very prime seating, and we’re very excited for the guests to see it when we can safely serve again indoors.


221 Cathcart St., Santa Cruz. 831-426-4852, hulastiki.com.

Sproud, Latest Alt-Milk Innovation, Comes to Coffee Cat

First there was Oatly. And now there’s Sproud, the latest alt-milk innovation. 

Trust the Swedes to pioneer a plant-based product that is sustainable and high-protein but actually tastes … good! (Our Nordic friends also came up with Oatly, so there’s some serious Earth-friendly tinkering going on up there.) 

Now available up at the Scotts Valley Coffee Cat, owned by Lulu Carpenter’s, Sproud makes low-carbon impact filled with high nutrition. Maybe that’s not what thing you’re thinking about when you crave that first latté of the day, but in the end a product like Sproud is on the forefront of the planet’s future. 

Ever the early adopter, Coffee Cat had three versions of the vegan pea protein-based milk available for me to sample along with its artisan coffees. These extraordinary and highly likeable non-dairy alt milks are sourced from yellow split peas—a major protein hit, low in carbs and takes 10 times less water to cultivate than almonds. There’s a chocolate variety, an unsweetened plain, and a very slightly sweetened highly foamable barista version. 

I haven’t used dairy milk or cow-sourced cream for years and have gotten used to the flavor of almond milk for my cereals. But Sproud won me over. Absolutely flavor neutral. Nope, it doesn’t taste like peas, which taste very mild anyway. And it doesn’t add any strange textural flavor spin of its own to the creamy silky richness of espresso the way that hazelnut milk can. (Sproud is very popular in European cafes, which unfortunately I haven’t been able to visit for a year!) 

The version I liked best in the Coffee Cat cappuccino was the version designed by and for baristas that makes an extra silky and frothy addition to lattés and other special espresso drinks. I also fancied a slab of house-made gluten-free pistachio cardamom tea cake ($3.25).

 No matter what milk you currently use in your espresso coffees, Sproud might persuade you to switch to this alt variety. Give it a try! You can even take home your own 33.8 ounce container of Sproud unsweetened plant-based milk for $4.49, up at Coffee Cat—and soon at all Lulu Carpenter’s fine coffee depots.  

Coffee Cat, 255 Mt. Hermon Road, Scotts Valley. 831-439-0700.

Alfaro Al Fresco

Check out the incomparable Corralitos springtime by visiting Alfaro Family Vineyards, open on Saturdays for tastings at generously spaced outdoor tables. Wine tasting from noon to 5pm includes 2018 Trout Gulch Chardonnay, 2018 Heirloom Clones Pinot Noir and 2017 Billy K Merlot. Fine wine and gorgeous atmosphere. Bring your mask! Make your reservation at 831-728-5172.

Laili Courtyard Opens

Ah the chutneys, the kabobs, the romantic atmosphere. Laili is now taking reservations for its courtyard nightly from 4-8pm. Wonderful news. 

Laili, 101B Cooper St., Santa Cruz. 831-423-4545.

Covid Coping Pro-Tip: Dining by Candlelight

Things are beginning to thaw. More outdoor restaurant dining is coming on line, just in time for warmer weather and dwindling patience. But in addition to regular takeout meals from many of our favorite Santa Cruz restaurants, we have kept things interesting during this year of quarantine

Dining by candlelight is not only something we think about, it’s what we do every single evening. Lighting candles to go with our playlist of Persian music and lots of Kate Bush has lifted our spirits and kindled our appetites throughout this long ordeal. This isn’t rocket science, simply an obvious and inexpensive way of keeping things in perspective. If you’re not dining by candlelight at your house, you’re missing a mood-inducing opportunity.

Watsonville Not Included in State’s Covid-19 Vaccine Equity Plan

No communities in Santa Cruz County qualify for the California Department of Public Health’s vaccine equity plan, which Gov. Gavin Newsom last week pitched as a way for the state to prioritize disadvantaged and Latinx communities that have seen a disproportionate impact from the pandemic.

Under the plan, the state was to set aside 40% of its vaccines for communities in the lowest quartile of its Healthy Places Index (HPI). The HPI provides overall scores and data that predict life expectancy and compare community conditions that shape health such as education levels and income, among other things.

In Santa Cruz County, three census tracts making up most of Watsonville fall in the lowest quartile of the HPI map. The census tract that contains neighboring Pajaro, which is under Monterey County’s jurisdiction just over the Pajaro River bridge, also falls in that quartile.

The trouble, Santa Cruz County spokesman Jason Hoppin says, is the state is determining which communities qualify for the plan through zip codes, and not census tracts, as the state’s interactive HPI map does.

Hoppin said county health officials were set to talk to state leadership about why the 95076 zip code—which along with hard-hit Watsonville also includes Pajaro Dunes, La Selva Beach, Corralitos and Aptos-Larkin Valley—was not included in the state’s plan, and what that could mean for its vaccine allocations.

That zip code was placed in the second-lowest quartile designation, according to a data sheet obtained by GT that shows in which HPI quartile every California zip code stands, and does not qualify for the state’s equity plan.

It is still unknown what that will mean for the county’s vaccine allocation, says Santa Cruz County Supervisor Zach Friend, who represents parts of the 95076 zip code in the second district. Friend, however, did say that the state has been willing to adjust its mandates in the past, and that the California Department of Public Health knows about the discrepancy after holding a meeting with the Bay Area health officers group on Monday.

“At this point there isn’t a resolution but the concern has been raised,” he said. “It did sound like there was a commitment from the state to at least look into what these concerns are.”

Friend said the state’s decision to use the broader zip code designation instead of census tracts, as it has throughout the pandemic, is an “absolute U-turn” from its previous policies.

“Hopefully they’ll see that this actually ends up impacting the exact same populations that they’re trying to help with this policy and that a zip code is too broad,” he said. “We need to move back toward a census tract designation so that areas like Watsonville can continue to receive the allotment that it needs.”

Santa Cruz County officials were not the only ones concerned with being left out of the state’s plan. Over the hill, Bay Area lawmakers were ready to hold a press conference to call on state officials to alter the plan, but abruptly canceled the gathering to instead reportedly meet with those representatives.

“The Governor’s Office has expressed a committed (sic) to providing a more formal response to the concerns expressed by Bay Area communities on the vaccine equity rollout issues within the next 24 hours,” State Senator Dave Cortese (D-San Jose) said in a statement. “We are working collaboratively with them and are optimistic that hard-hit areas in the Bay Area that were overlooked will now be included in the state’s prioritization.

“Not every community has felt the effects of this pandemic equally. We need targeted efforts to address the longstanding racial and economic disparities that have been only intensified by Covid-19.”

Only 2% of Bay Area residents qualify for the state’s plan. That’s despite the fact that the Bay Area makes up 20% of California’s population, and that several communities have been deeply impacted by the pandemic both economically and health-wise.

Santa Clara County, for example, has no zip codes that qualify for the plan, according to a data sheet obtained by this publication that shows in which HPI quartile every California zip code stands.

Cortese said the state should instead recalibrate its definition of “hard-hit Covid-19 impacted communities based on census tract data from counties so that no hard-hit census tracts are left behind.”

According to state data, 40% of Covid-19 cases and deaths have occurred in the lowest quartile of the HPI. The rate of infections for households making less than $40,000 per year (11.3%) is more than double that of households with an income of $120,000 or more (5.2%). At the same time, California’s wealthiest populations are being vaccinated at nearly twice the rate of its most vulnerable populations.

Newsom last week also emphasized the toll the pandemic has had on Latinx communities. According to state data, about 55% of the state’s 3.5 million cases have been in people of Latinx descent. Those Californians have also accounted for roughly 46% of the state’s 54,000 Covid-19-related deaths.

Local data closely mirrors those numbers. About 52% of the county’s roughly 14,800 cases have been reported in Watsonville. In addition, Latinx residents make up 54% of cases when county data is filtered by ethnicity.

The county has administered more than 96,500 vaccinations, according to data presented by the state as of Monday, and 17.4% of those vaccines have gone to Latinx residents. In addition, multi-race residents have received about 18.3% of the vaccines in Santa Cruz County. White residents have received 43.8% of the county’s vaccines.

Watsonville Looks to Cut Taxes on Cannabis to Compete with Neighbors

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The Watsonville City Council at its Tuesday meeting will weigh whether to overhaul its tax rates on cannabis businesses, a move a consultant and city staff say would make the city more competitive with neighboring jurisdictions.

The proposed changes would cut taxes on retail cannabis businesses in half, reducing them from the 10% tax on gross receipts approved by voters in 2016 with the passage of Measure L to 5%.

That move would align its retail rates with nearby Salinas, Hollister and Marina. It would also bring Watsonville close to its nearest competitors, Santa Cruz County (7%) and Monterey County (4.5%).

The city of Santa Cruz taxes its retail cannabis businesses 7%.

Cultivators would also see a similar tax cut, as the proposed rate of $10 per square foot of canopy area is half of the current rate. Cannabis nurseries, which in the past have been lumped in with all other cultivators, would only be taxed $1 per square foot of canopy area—the same rate neighboring Monterey County charges its nurseries.

The city, however, would now charge a 2% tax on gross receipts for cannabis processing, a new charge that coincides with the state’s cannabis processing license that allows for the separate drying, curing and processing of the plant.

The new rates, according to the prepared staff report, would generate between $1.4-2.6 million per year for the city.

Because of voter approved Measure M, those funds would go to the police (20%), fire (15%), community development (20%), parks and community services (25%) and library departments (8%). In addition, 12% of cannabis taxes go to nonprofit grants determined by the Watsonville City Council.

The proposed changes follow the Watsonville City Council’s recent decision to allow three dispensaries to operate within city limits and expand its limits on cultivation, among other things.

It is unclear when Watsonville will welcome its first bonafide retailer. Community Development Department Director Suzi Merriam said the city received 12 applications from prospective dispensaries when it opened its application process last year. That included three businesses that applied for the city’s equity program, which sets aside one of the three retail licenses for small, local and minority-owned businesses owners.

To see the complete March 9 Watsonville City Council agenda, click here.

Study Finds Climate Change Alters West Coast Trees

Every two weeks for over 13 years, students at UCSC checked nets set up around a 40-acre forest. They painstakingly counted trapped seeds and measured every nearby tree.  Now, the data is helping scientists understand some of the subtler effects of climate change. 

A new study combined the students’ work with data from 48 institutions across North America to reveal a concerning trend: climate change limits the seed production of large trees in West Coast forests.

Branching out for data

The Forest Ecology Research Plot (FERP) acts as an outdoor laboratory, providing a place to study forests over the long term.

“The really special thing about the FERP is that it’s entirely student-powered,” says Greg Gilbert, the founding director and a professor of environmental studies at UCSC. Over the years, hundreds of students helped collect the data that went into the project. 

Scientists say long-term, collaborative studies like this one are necessary for understanding the regional effects of climate change. “I think this is a growing trend,” says Kai Zhu, an assistant professor of environmental studies at UCSC and a co-author of the study.

Lots of global predictions come from computer models and satellite imagery. But Zhu says predicting changes in ecology “is only going to be possible if you have the data from the ground.”

A new normal taking root

Trees tend to produce more seeds as they grow. But once they reach a certain size, that production slows down. The study finds that temperature and moisture changes associated with climate change make it even harder for older, larger trees to reproduce. 

Coupled with diseases like Sudden Oak Death and more frequent wildfires, this trend could change the diversity of our forests. 

“There are some species in the forest that are really resistant to fire,” says Gilbert.

Redwoods and certain chaparral species come back easily. But others—such as madrones, maples, tanoaks and ponderosa pines—do not.

“Those may only come back into the system if there’s a good seed source available,” says Gilbert. “As fire frequency increases, you end up favoring only those species that are able to either resist burning or stump sprout and come back up from that.”

But researchers don’t expect to see widespread changes anytime soon. “This is going to be happening over the course of decades,” says Gilbert.

Fully Vaccinated People Can Have Small Gatherings Indoors, CDC Says

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Monday issued long-awaited guidance to Americans fully vaccinated against COVID-19, freeing them to take some liberties that the unvaccinated should not, including gathering indoors with others who are fully vaccinated without precautions while still adhering to masking and distancing in public spaces.

The agency offered good news to grandparents who have refrained from seeing children and grandchildren for the past year, saying that fully vaccinated people may visit indoors with unvaccinated people from a single household so long as no one among the unvaccinated is at risk for severe disease if infected with the coronavirus.

That means fully vaccinated grandparents may visit unvaccinated healthy adult children and healthy grandchildren without masks or physical distancing. But the visit should be limited to one household: If the adult children’s unvaccinated neighbors drop by, the visit should move outdoors and everyone should wear masks and distance.

The recommendations arrived as state officials move to reopen businesses and schools amid a drop in virus cases and deaths. Federal health officials repeatedly have warned against loosening restrictions too quickly, including lifting mask mandates, fearing that the moves may set the stage for a fourth surge of infections and deaths.

The new advice is couched in caveats and leaves room for amendments as new data become available. The agency did not rule out the possibility that fully vaccinated individuals might develop asymptomatic infections and spread the virus inadvertently to others, and urged those who are vaccinated to continue practicing certain precautions.

Agency officials encouraged people to get vaccinated with the first vaccine available to them, to help bring the pandemic to a close and resume normal life. The agency emphasized that vaccines are highly effective at preventing “serious COVID-19 illness, hospitalization and death,” and said its guidance “represents a first step toward returning to everyday activities in or communities.”

“We know that people want to get vaccinated so they can get back to doing the things they enjoy with the people they love,” said Dr. Rochelle P. Walensky, CDC director. “There are some activities that fully vaccinated people can begin to resume now in the privacy of their own homes.”

Still, she added, “Everyone, including those who are vaccinated, should continue with all mitigation strategies when in public settings.”

Many more Americans will need to be fully vaccinated before mitigation measures can be suspended, she and other officials said, as the majority of Americans have yet to get the vaccine.

As of Sunday, about 58.9 million people have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, including about 30.7 million people who have been fully vaccinated, according to the CDC. Providers are administering about 2.16 million doses per day on average.

The CDC’s advice is aimed at Americans who are fully vaccinated, meaning those for whom at least two weeks have passed since they received the second dose of a two-dose vaccine series of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine, and those for whom at least two weeks have passed since receiving a single dose of the Johnson and Johnson single-dose vaccine.

What is safe for newly vaccinated Americans and their unvaccinated neighbors and family members has been uncertain in large part because scientists do not yet understand whether and how often immunized people may still transmit the virus. If so, then masking and other precautions are still be needed in certain settings to contain the virus, researchers have said.

There is also uncertainty about how well vaccines protect against emerging variants of the virus and how long the vaccine protection lasts.

The CDC said Monday that “a growing body of evidence” suggests that people who are fully vaccinated are less likely to have asymptomatic infections and “potentially less likely to transmit the virus that causes COVID-19 to other people.” Still, the agency did not rule out the possibility that they could inadvertently transmit the virus.

Given the current state of research, the CDC advised:

— Fully vaccinated Americans may gather indoors in private homes with one another in small groups without masks or distancing. Vaccinated people may gather in a private residence with unvaccinated people from a single household who are at low risk for developing severe disease if they contract the coronavirus, also without masks or distancing.

— Vaccinated Americans need not quarantine or get tested if they have a known exposure to the virus, as long as they do not develop symptoms of infection. If they do develop symptoms, they must isolate themselves, get tested and speak with their doctor.

— In public, vaccinated people must continue to wear masks and maintain social distance, and take other precautions, such as avoiding poorly ventilated spaces, covering coughs and sneezes, washing hands often and following any other protocols that are in place.

— Vaccinated people should continue to avoid large and medium gatherings, although the agency did not specify the gathering size with numbers.

The agency did not revise its travel recommendations, continuing to advise that all Americans refrain from travel unless necessary.

The advice is not legally binding, but the agency’s recommendations are usually followed by state public health officials. The recommendations seem likely to incentivize vaccination for many hesitant Americans by promising modest liberties after months of restrictions.

Copyright 2021 The New York Times Company

Amusement Parks Allowed to Reopen in Red Tier Starting Next Month

Outdoor amusement parks in California counties in the red tier of the state’s Covid-19 reopening plan will be allowed to welcome back customers next month, the California Department of Public Health announced Friday afternoon.

Live outdoor sporting events and performances will, too, be allowed to return in all counties across the state—regardless of what tier they’re in—under the CDPH’s updated guidance for outdoor activities.

Under the guidance, amusement parks will be allowed to reopen at 15% capacity in the red tier, the second most restrictive tier of the state’s four tier system. They may increase their capacity by 10% in the subsequent orange and yellow tiers.

Only in-state visitors will be allowed, and masks will be mandatory, as well as several other public health precautions, according to the CDPH.

Live outdoor sporting events and performances will be allowed in every tier. Like amusement parks, they face strict capacity restrictions. 

In the most-restrictive purple tier, capacity will be limited to 100 people or fewer and attendance will be limited to regional visitors. Advanced reservations will be required, and no concession or concourse sales will be allowed. In the red tier, capacity will be limited to 20%. Concession sales will be primarily in-seat (no concourse sales). In the orange tier capacity will be limited to 33% and in the yellow tier capacity will increase to 67%. 

Attendance will be limited to in-state visitors in the red, orange and yellow tiers.

The move is expected to be good news for the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, which has been shuttered for most of the pandemic. That local recreation giant was the first theme park to reopen in California in November, but a spike in cases around the holidays closed it after just one week.

With case rates plummeting and vaccines being administered at a steady rate, Santa Cruz County is expected to move to the red tier this week, County Health Officer Dr. Gail Newel said at Thursday’s weekly press conference.

That means several indoor business operations could reopen on Wednesday, March 10. That includes indoor dining, aquariums, museums, dance studios, gyms and movie theaters, all of which have been shuttered by state restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus.

A move to the red tier would also mean that middle and high schools could start to welcome students back to the classroom. Schools in counties that have met the criteria for school reopening have a three-week period to open, even if the county stops meeting the criterion during that window.

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